OER for COS

It is increasingly clear that the shapes of reality – whether of the natural world, or of the built environment – are in some profound sense mathematical. Therefore it would benefit students and educated adults to understand what makes mathematics itself ‘tick’, and to appreciate why its shapes, patterns and formulae provide us with precisely the language we need to make sense of the world around us. The second part of this challenge may require some specialist experience, but the authors of this book concentrate on the first part, and explore the extent to which elementary mathematics allows us all to understand something of the nature of mathematics from the inside.

Motivated by questions in cosmology, the 2018 edition of Geometry with an Introduction to Cosmic Topology follows the Erlangen program to develop hyperbolic, elliptic, and Euclidean geometry - three possibilities for the global geometry of the universe. The text uses Mobius transformations in the extended complex plane to define and investigate these three candidate geometries, thereby providing a natural setting in which to express results common to them all, as well as results that encapsulate key differences. With these geometries in hand, the text then explores the interplay between the shape of a space and the type of geometry it admits. It is written to be suitable for a one semester course in geometry or as a guide to independent study, with over 200 exercises and several essays on topics such as the history of geometry, parallax and curvature, and research aimed at determining the shape of the universe.

Motivated by questions in cosmology, the 2018 edition of Geometry with an Introduction to Cosmic Topology follows the Erlangen program to develop hyperbolic, elliptic, and Euclidean geometry - three possibilities for the global geometry of the universe. The text uses Mobius transformations in the extended complex plane to define and investigate these three candidate geometries, thereby providing a natural setting in which to express results common to them all, as well as results that encapsulate key differences. With these geometries in hand, the text then explores the interplay between the shape of a space and the type of geometry it admits. It is written to be suitable for a one semester course in geometry or as a guide to independent study, with over 200 exercises and several essays on topics such as the history of geometry, parallax and curvature, and research aimed at determining the shape of the universe.

This book, which presupposes familiarity only with the most elementary concepts of arithmetic (divisibility properties, greatest common divisor, etc.), is an expanded version of a series of lectures for graduate students on elementary number theory. Topics include: Compositions and Partitions; Arithmetic Functions; Distribution of Primes; Irrational Numbers; Congruences; Diophantine Equations; Combinatorial Number Theory; and Geometry of Numbers. Three sections of problems (which include exercises as well as unsolved problems) complete the text.

covers the standard topics in a sophomore-level course in discrete mathematics: logic, sets, proof techniques, basic number theory, functions, relations, and elementary combinatorics, with an emphasis on motivation. It explains and clarifies the unwritten conventions in mathematics, and guides the students through a detailed discussion on how a proof is revised from its draft to a final polished form. Hands-on exercises help students understand a concept soon after learning it. The text adopts a spiral approach: many topics are revisited multiple times, sometimes from a different perspective or at a higher level of complexity. The goal is to slowly develop students’ problem-solving and writing skills.

Introduction to Financial Mathematics: Concepts and Computational Methods serves as a primer in financial mathematics with a focus on conceptual understanding of models and problem solving. It includes the mathematical background needed for risk management, such as probability theory, optimization, and the like. The goal of the book is to expose the reader to a wide range of basic problems, some of which emphasize analytic ability, some requiring programming techniques and others focusing on statistical data analysis. In addition, it covers some areas which are outside the scope of mainstream financial mathematics textbooks. For example, it presents marginal account setting by the CCP and systemic risk, and a brief overview of the model risk. Inline exercises and examples are included to help students prepare for exams on this book.

covers the standard topics in a sophomore-level course in discrete mathematics: logic, sets, proof techniques, basic number theory, functions, relations, and elementary combinatorics, with an emphasis on motivation. It explains and clarifies the unwritten conventions in mathematics, and guides the students through a detailed discussion on how a proof is revised from its draft to a final polished form. Hands-on exercises help students understand a concept soon after learning it. The text adopts a spiral approach: many topics are revisited multiple times, sometimes from a different perspective or at a higher level of complexity. The goal is to slowly develop students’ problem-solving and writing skills.

Motivated by questions in cosmology, the 2018 edition of Geometry with an Introduction to Cosmic Topology follows the Erlangen program to develop hyperbolic, elliptic, and Euclidean geometry - three possibilities for the global geometry of the universe. The text uses Mobius transformations in the extended complex plane to define and investigate these three candidate geometries, thereby providing a natural setting in which to express results common to them all, as well as results that encapsulate key differences. With these geometries in hand, the text then explores the interplay between the shape of a space and the type of geometry it admits. It is written to be suitable for a one semester course in geometry or as a guide to independent study, with over 200 exercises and several essays on topics such as the history of geometry, parallax and curvature, and research aimed at determining the shape of the universe.

First Semester in Numerical Analysis with Julia presents the theory and methods, together with the implementation of the algorithms using the Julia programming language (version 1.1.0). The book covers computer arithmetic, root-finding, numerical quadrature and differentiation, and approximation theory. The reader is expected to have studied calculus and linear algebra. Some familiarity with a programming language is beneficial, but not required. The programming language Julia will be introduced in the book. The simplicity of Julia allows bypassing the pseudocode and writing a computer code directly after the description of a method while minimizing the distraction the presentation of a computer code might cause to the flow of the main narrative.

This textbook was born of a desire to contribute a viable, free, introductory Numerical Analysis textbook for instructors and students of mathematics. The ultimate goal of Tea Time Numerical Analysis is to be a complete, one-semester, single-pdf, downloadable textbook designed for mathematics classes. Now includes differential equations.

This award-winning text carefully leads the student through the basic topics of Real Analysis. Topics include metric spaces, open and closed sets, convergent sequences, function limits and continuity, compact sets, sequences and series of functions, power series, differentiation and integration, Taylor's theorem, total variation, rectifiable arcs, and sufficient conditions of integrability. Well over 500 exercises (many with extensive hints) assist students through the material.