Glossary of Open Science Terminology
Article Processing Charge (APC): An APC is a processing fee that publications charge to authors or their respective institutions to cover the costs related to publishing and disseminating an article. The article is then made available to potential readers free of charge. APCs can apply to both Open Access publications and commercial publications.
Creative Commons Licenses: Licenses that give anyone from individual creators to large institutions a standardized means to grant the public permission to use their creative work under copyright law.
Data Management Plan (DMP or DMSP): A formal document that outlines how data will be handled during and after a research project. Many federal funding agencies now require the creation of a DMP regardless of budget allocation.
Data Repository: A centralized storage system where research data can be archived and organized logically for the purposes of public sharing and future reuse.
FAIR Data: The acronym FAIR stands for Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable. Data that is FAIR is more easily located and understandable, which makes knowledge exchange easier. When data can be more easily discovered and used by both people and machines, it has a greater research impact.
Open Access: Open Access (OA) refers to digital, scholarly content that is available online and accessible to anyone with the technological means of accessing it. OA literature is available free of charge and has few, if any, copyright or licensing restrictions. OA aims to remove pricing and copyright barriers to equalize access to information across the globe.
Open Data: Data that is freely accessible via the Internet for reuse, such as for mining, study reproduction and dissemination.
Open Science: A collection of practices that aim to increase the transparency and accessibility of scientific research. Open science consists of principles that promote credible, reproducible, and shareable science.
Open Source: Refers to code in which the original source code is made freely available for possible modification and redistribution. A defining principle of open source use and development is peer production to encourage open collaboration.
Pre-registration: A detailed plan that a researcher creates and files online before beginning a study. In a preregistration, the research plan is created in advance of a study and submitted to a registry such as OSF.
Registered report: A form of research article where the study protocol is peer-reviewed and pre-accepted before the study is undertaken. Since manuscripts resulting from a pre-approved registered report are published based on the question and proposed methods, registered reports offer a remedy for a range of research biases, including publication bias and reporting bias.
Reproducibility: Reproducibility is the the degree to which the same methods, results, and conclusions of a study can be reached or produced again. A study demonstrates reproducibility if independent researchers can arrive at the same results using their own data and methods.
Research Data Management (RDM): The collection of tasks practiced throughout the research life cycle that make data easier to find, understand, navigate, use and reuse.