ACC 5993: Data Analytics for Accountants (Ye)

• Course research guide ACC 5993: Data Analytics for Accountants with Zhongxia (Shelly) Ye

S&P 500 Ratio & Annual Returns

The Standard & Poors 500 Index is a collection of stocks intended to reflect the overall return characteristics of the stock market as a whole. The stocks that make up the S&P 500 are selected by market capitalization, liquidity and industry. As the Standard & Poor's 500 Index is the most commonly used benchmark for determining the state of the overall economy and measuring stock market performance, the following ratios, values or historical annual returns from the S&P 500 would be meaningful and useful for comparison purposes.

Key Performance Indicator (KPI)

Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) are the critical (key) indicators of progress toward an intended result. KPIs provides a focus for strategic and operational improvement, create an analytical basis for decision making and help focus attention on what matters most. (Source: kpi.org)

A Key Performance Indicator is a measurable value that demonstrates how effectively a company is achieving key business objectives. Organizations use KPIs at multiple levels to evaluate their success at reaching targets. Below are some examples of KPIs.

KPI Examples
Example KPIs are listed by Department and Industry.
29 Popular Financial KPIs
Financial KPI (Key Performance Indicator) is a measurable value that indicates how well a company is doing regarding generating revenue and profits. Monitoring KPIs shows whether a business is achieving its long-term goals.
27 Examples of Key Performance Indicators
The anatomy of a structured KPI includes:
A Measure – Every KPI must have a measure. The best KPIs have more expressive measures.
A Target – Every KPI needs to have a target that matches your measure and the time period of your goal. These are generally a numeric value you’re seeking to achieve.
A Data Source – Every KPI needs to have a clearly defined data source so there is no gray area in how each is being measured and tracked.
Reporting Frequency – Different KPIs may have different reporting needs, but a good rule to follow is to report on them at least monthly.