Black Lives Matter

"Afro-Pessimism, in this case and on this count, is thought to be, in no particular order: a negative appraisal of the capabilities of black peoples, associating blackness with lack rather than tracing the machinations through which the association is drawn and enforced, even in the black psyche, across the longue durée..." (Sexton, 2016)

"describe those who advocate for the equal rights and treatment of " (“Ally,” 2019)

"We draw on the concept of “anti-Blackness” as it is defined by scholars who engage with Afro-Pessimism. These scholars argue that civil society as we understand and live it is(in)formed by the dehumanizing condition of chattel slavery. They claim that civil society, therefore, is inherently antithetical to all manifestations of Black social life, yet requiresBlackness for its political, economic, ontological, epistemological, and—as we aim toshow—spatial coherence" (Bledsoe & Wright, 2018, p.9).

"By anti-racism, we mean policies and practices opposing racism, which comprise collective and individual interventions in those discourses and practices that are discussed as racism or racializing practices in the research literature and among racialized minorities." (Rastas & Seye, 2018, p. 593)

"One who is supporting an antiracist policy through their actions or expressing an antiracist idea." (Kendi, 2019, p. 15)

"the term BIPOC has emerged—Black, Indigenous, people of colour—to demarcate the specificities of Black history and Indigenous history in settler colonial territories. That's a very important triangle to map out because of settlers using enslaved Black people to displace Indigenous people."(Chariandy et al., 2020, p. 79)

"According to Alicia Garza, one of the three co-founders of BLM, Black Lives Matter is a unique contribution that goes beyond extrajudicial killings of Black people by police and vigilantes. It goes beyond the narrow nationalism that can be prevalent within some Black communities, which merely call on Black people to love Black, live Black and buy Black, keeping straight cis Black men in the front of the movement while our sisters, queer and trans* and disabled folk take up roles in the background or not at all. Black Lives Matter affirms the lives of Black queer and trans* folks, disabled folks, Black-undocumented folks, folks with records, women and all Black lives along the gender spectrum. It centers those that have been marginalized within Black liberation movements. It is a tactic to (re)build the Black liberation movement." (Greene-Hayes & James, 2017, p. 68)

"Campus climate is defined as the manner with which university students perceive and feel about the social relations that occur in and out of the classroom" (Souza et al., 2017, p. 2073).

"Culture has been defined in a variety of ways, but one of the most instructive discussions of culture is found in Sekou Touré's, "dialectical approach to culture."* in that essay Touré defines culture as consisting of all the works of art, and science, plus knowledge, manners, education, modes of thought, behaviors and attitudes, of a people." (Chrisman, 1976, p. 2)

"Instead of a true desire and intention to usurp systemic oppression, people engage in performative activism and allyship for self-interested reasons." (Holmes IV, 2020)

"The term racism is often used synonymously with prejudice (biased feelings or affect), stereotyping (biased thoughts and beliefs, flawed generalizations), discrimination (differential treatment or the absence of equal treatment), and bigotry (intolerance or hatred). This practice implicitly conceptualizes racism as a set of basic social-psychological processes underlying the psychologies of individuals (i.e., stereotyping, prejudice, and discrimination) merely applied to the context of race." (Salter et al., 2018, p. 150)